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| 单词记忆一直是同等学力英语考生最头疼的事。因为记单词本身很枯燥，而且在没有语境的情况下很难记住，常常是一边记忆，一边遗忘，况且我们的考生又都是已经参加工作多年的成人！所以很多考生对此感到很苦恼。本书的目的就是帮助考生解决这个问题——根据历年同等学力英语考试的阅读真题记单词。曹其军教授将1997年以来历年考试阅读文章翻译成中文，并且给出重点词汇的英文及其同义词或近义词，这样，考生就可以根据一个单词记住一连串的词汇。这些重点词汇基本上覆盖了同等学力英语一些经常出现和常考的内容。通过这种方法记单词，效率高，印象深，不易忘记，而且对阅读理解和英译汉也有很大帮助。这种记单词的方法推出后受到学员的热烈欢迎，取得了满意的效果。 2010年真题阅读文章词汇记忆 Passage One Loneliness has been linked to depression and other health problems. Now, a study says it can also spread. A friend of a lonely person was 52% more likely to develop feelings of loneliness. And a friend of that friend was 25% more likely to do the same. Earlier findings showed that happiness, fatness and the ability to stop smoking can also grow like infections within social groups. The findings all come from a major health study in the American town of Framingham, Massachusetts. The study began in 1948 to investigate the causes of heart disease. Since then, more tests have been added, including measures of loneliness and depression. The new findings involved more than 5,000 people in the second generation of the Framingham Heart Study. The researchers examined friendship histories and reports of loneliness. The results established a pattern that spread as people reported fewer close friends. For example, loneliness can affect relationships between next-door neighbors. The loneliness spreads as neighbors who were close friends now spend less time together. The study also found that loneliness spreads more easily among women than men. Researchers from the University of Chicago, Harvard and the University of California, San Diego, did the study. The findings appeared last month in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. The average person is said to experience feelings of loneliness about 48 days a year. The study found that having a lonely friend can add about 17 days. But every additional friend can decrease loneliness by about 5%,or two and a half days. Lonely people become less and less trusting of others. This makes it more and more difficult for them to make friends, and more likely that society will reject them. John Cacioppo at the University of Chicago led the study. He says it is important to recognize and deal with loneliness. He says people who have been pushed to the edges of society should receive help to repair their social networks. The aim should be to aggressively create what he calls a “protective barrier” against loneliness. This barrier, he says, can keep the whole network from coming apart. 孤独（loneliness）与沮丧（depression: frustration）和其它健康（health）问题有关（link: combine, connect, unite）。现在，一项研究（study: investigation, research, survey）声称，孤独也会传播（spread: grow, improve, transmit）。一个孤独（lonely: alone）人的朋友有百分之五十二的可能性（likely: possible）会演变成（develop: grow, improve）有孤独感（feeling: sense）。那个朋友的朋友有百分之二十五的可能性会有孤独感。 早期的发现（finding: discovery）显示（show: display, reveal, suggest），幸福（happiness: joy, welfare）、肥胖（fatness: thickness）以及戒（stop: quit）烟（smoking）的能力（ability: capacity, competence, power, skill）也可能像传染病（infection）一样在社会（social: societal）群体（group: team）中传播（grow: improve, spread, transmit）。这些发现都来自于美国马萨诸塞州一个名为弗雷明翰的城镇所进行的一项重要（major: chief, important, significant）健康研究。 该研究始于一九四八年，是为了调查（investigate: examine, study, survey）心脏病（heart disease）的病因（cause: factor, reason）。从那时起，增加（add: enhance, increase）了更多试验（test: examination, experiment），包括测量（measure: survey）孤独和沮丧。 新发现涉及（involve: relate）到五千多名弗雷明翰心脏研究的第二代（generation）人。研究人员（researcher）查验（examine: check, investigate, survey）了友谊（friendship: fellowship）史（history）以及有关孤独的报告（report: paper）。结论（result: conclusion, outcome）确立（establish: build, create, found, set）了这样一种模式（pattern: fashion, mode, way）——报道自己几乎没有亲密（close）朋友的人会传播。 比如，孤独可能影响（affect: effect, impact, influence, shape）邻居（neighbor）之间的关系（relationship: connection, link, relation）。孤独会在曾经是好友如今相处时间很少的邻里间传播。研究还发现，与男性相比，孤独更易在女性中传播。 该研究是来自于芝加哥大学、哈弗大学、加利福利亚大学以及圣地亚哥大学的研究人员所做的。研究发现发表（appear: publish）在上个月的《个性（personality: character, nature, quality, trait）与社会心理学（psychology）》杂志（journal: magazine）上。 据说，普通（average: common）人（person: individual）一年大约有四十八天会有（experience: have, possess）孤独感。该研究发现，有孤独的朋友可能增加大约十七天。但是，每增加（additional）一个朋友会减少（decrease: cut, reduce）大约百分之五的孤独感，或者两天半的孤独感。 孤独的人会越来越不信任（trust: believe in）别人。这使得他们交朋友（make friends）会越来越难（difficult: hard, tough），社会（society: community, world）也越可能排斥（reject: abandon, discard）他们。 芝加哥大学的约翰•卡乔波主导（lead: control, dominate, master）该研究。他说，鉴别（recognize: distinguish）并排除（deal with: cope with, solve, tackle）孤独很重要（important: significant, vital）。他指出，那些被社会边缘化（push to the edges）的人们应该得到（receive: gain, get, obtain）帮助，以便修复（repair: fix, mend）他们的社交网（network: net, web）。 目标（aim: end, goal, object, objective, purpose, target）应该是建立（create: build, establish, found, set, settle）他所谓的（call: name）预防孤独的“防护（protective）屏障（barrier）”。他说，这种屏障可以防止（keep: prevent）整个网络瓦解（come apart: breakdown, collapse, overthrow）。 (详见北大辅导班教材) |
Passage Two California has a new program called the Digital Textbook Initiative. “Starting this fall with high school math and science, we will be the first state in the nation to provide schools with a state-approved list of digital textbooks.” That was Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger in June, talking about his effort to get schools to use materials available free online. He listed reasons why he thinks digital textbooks make sense. California approves traditional textbooks in six-year cycles. Digital one can offer the latest information. They lighten the load of school bags. They save paper and trees, and make learning more fun and interactive. And above all, he said, they help schools with their finances. The state has had to make severe cuts in school spending because of deep financial problems. More than six million students attend California public schools. Earlier this year, California invited content developers to offer digital math and science materials for high schools. These had to meet at least 90% of the state’s learning requirements. Specially trained teachers examined 16 textbooks and approved ten of them. Six of the ten were published by the CK12 Foundation, a nonprofit group that had been developing digital science and math books for about two years. The foundation paid teachers and other education professionals to write and edit them. The money came from a group financed by the Khosla Family. California cannot require schools to use the digital textbooks. Individual school districts will have to decide for themselves. Susan Martimo, a California Department of Education official, says she does not expect widespread use right away. Her best guess is that some schools with a lot of technology will be the first to use them, but only in addition to their traditional books. School administrators point out that the texts may be free online, but students need a way to access them. Not everyone has a computer or electronic reader. Schools could print out copies, but that would not help the environment. Also, there is the cost to train teachers to use digital textbooks effectively. 加利福利亚有一个名为（call: name）“数字（digital: numeral）教材（textbook: material）新方案（initiative）”的新计划（program: device, plan, project, scheme）。“今年秋季，从中学数学（math: mathematics）和科学（science）开始，我们将是美国为学校提供（provide: give, offer, supply）政府同意（state-approved）的数字教材的第一州（state）。”这是州长阿诺德•施瓦辛格在六月份谈到他努力（effort: endeavor, try）让学校使用可以从网上免费（free）获得（available: usable）的教材时讲的一番话。他列举（list）了为什么数字教材有意义的（make sense: count, matter）原因（reason: cause, excuse, factor）。 加利福利亚赞成（approve: agree, favor）在小学六年内使用传统（traditional: conventional）教材。数字教材可以提供（offer: give, provide, supply）最新的信息（information: data, message）。数字教材减轻（reduce: cut, decrease, lighten）了学校书包的负担（burden: load, shoulder）。数字教材拯救（save: rescue）了纸张和树木，使得学习更有趣（fun: funny, interesting），成为交互活动（interactive）。他说，最重要的是，数字教材用其资源（finance: resource, source）帮助了学校。 由于严重的（deep: serious, severe）财政（financial）问题，加利福利亚洲不得不大幅度（severe: huge, large）削减（cut: decrease, reduce）学校的费用（spending: cost, expenditure, expense）。六百多万学生上的是加利福利亚公立（public: common）学校。 今年早些时候，加利福利亚邀请（invite: request）乐意的（content: ready, wiling）开发商（developer）为中学提供数学和科学这两科的数字教材（material: textbook）。这些得满足（meet: fulfill, realize, satisfy）该州至少百分之九十的学习（learning: study）需求（requirement: demand, need, request）。受过特别（specially: extraordinarily, particularly）培训（train: educate, exercise, instruct）的教师审查（examine: check, investigate, survey）了十六种教材，对其中的十种表示认可。 百分之六十的教材由CK12基金会（foundation: fund, trust）出版（publish: print），该基金会是一个非赢利（nonprofit）机构（group: framework, institute, organization），已经开发（develop: grow）数学和科学数字教材大约两年的时间。该基金会给教师和其他教育（education: instruction, training）人士（professional: specialist）付（pay）薪水，要求他们编写、编辑（edit: write）教材。经费（money: cost, expense）来自于一个受“克斯拉家庭”资助（sponsor: support）的团体。 加利福利亚不能命令（require: demand, order）所有学校使用数字教材。私立（private）校区（district: area, part, region, section, sector, zone）将不得不自己决定（decide: determine）。 加利福利亚教育部门（department: sect, section, sector）的官员（official）苏珊•马蒂莫说，她不期望（expect: hope, wish）立马就广泛（widely: extensively）使用数字教材。她最理想的估计（guess: estimate, evaluation）是，具备许多技术（technology: technique）的学校将是第一批使用这种教材的学校，但只作为传统教材的辅助材料（addition: aid）。 学校管理者（administrator: governor, manager）指出（point out: indicate, state），教材可以是网上免费获得的，但学生需要一种方法获取（access: gain, get, obtain）这些材料。不是所有人都有电脑（computer）或电子（electronic: electric）读物（reader）。学校可以印刷（print: publish）教材（copy: material, textbook），但那样对环境（environment: circumstance, condition, setting, situation, surroundings）不利。此外，还需要经费（cost: expense, money）来培训教师有效的（effectively: efficiently）使用数字教材。 (详见北大辅导班教材) |
| Passage Three Doctors in Britain are warning of an obesity time bomb, when children who are already overweight grow up. So, what should we do? Exercise more? Eat less? Or both? The government feels it has to take responsibility for this expanding problem. The cheerful Mr. Pickwick, the hero of the novel by Charles Dickens, is seen in illustrations as someone who is plump (胖乎乎的) and happy. In 18th century paintings beauty is equated with rounded bodies and soft curves. But nowadays being overweight is seen as indicating neither a cheerful character nor beauty but an increased risk of heart disease and stroke. So what do you do? Diet? Not according to England’s chief medical officer, Sir Liam Donaldson. He says that physical activity is the key for reducing the risks of obesity, cancer and heart disease. And the Health Secretary John Reid even said that being inactive is as serious a risk factor in heart disease as smoking. So, having bought some cross trainers, how much exercise should you do? According to Sir Liam Donaldson, at least 30 minutes of moderate activity five days a week. Is going to the gym the answer? Luckily for those who find treadmills (跑步机) tedious, the Health Development Agency believes that physical activity that fits into people’s lives may be more effective. They suggest taking the stairs rather than the lift, walking up escalators, playing active games with your children, dancing or gardening. And according to a sports psychologist, Professor Biddle, gyms are not making the nation fit, and may even cause harm. There’s new scientific evidence that too much exercise may actually be bad for you. Scientists at the University of Ulster have found that unaccustomed exercise releases dangerous free radicals that can adversely affect normal function in unfit people. The only people who should push their bodies to that level of exercise on a regular basis are trained athletes. So, should we forget about gyms and follow some experts’ advice to increase exercise in our daily life? After all, getting off the bus stop early and walking the rest of the way can’t do any harm! One final thought. How come past generations lacked gym facilities but were leaner and fitter than people today? 英国的医生（doctor: physician）正警告（warn: alarm）将有一个肥胖（obesity: fatness）定时炸弹（time bomb），到时候，已经超重（overweight）的孩子将长大成人（grow up）。那么，我们该做什么？做更多锻炼（exercise: training）？吃更少食物？或者二者兼顾？政府（government: authority）认为（feel: believe, reckon, think），它应该为这个日益严重的（expanding: ever-increasing, growing）问题承担（take: bear, burden, shoulder）责任（responsibility: burden, duty, obligation）。 快乐的（cheerful: delightful, happy, joyful）匹克威克先生（查尔斯•狄更斯小说中的英雄（hero））在插图（illustration: drawing, painting, picture）中被描绘成一个胖乎乎的（plump: fat）、快乐的（happy: cheerful, delightful, joyful）人物。在十八世纪的绘画（painting: drawing, picture）中，美丽（beauty）等同于（equate with: equal with）圆形的（rounded: circular, round）身体（body）和柔软的（soft: tender）曲线（curve）。但现如今，超重被看成是既不快乐也不美丽，是只会增加（increase: add, enhance, improve, rise）患心脏病（heart disease）和中风（stroke）风险（risk: danger, hazard, venture）的一种标志（indicating: mark, sign, symbol）。 那么你该做什么？节食（diet）？根据英国最高（chief: leading）医疗（medical）官员（official）利亚姆•唐纳森爵士的观点，不要这样做。他指出，身体（physical: body）运动（activity: action, movement）是降低（reduce: cut, decrease）肥胖、癌症（cancer）以及心脏病风险的关键（key）。卫生大臣约翰•里德甚至说，不运动（inactive）就像吸烟一样严重（serious: severe），是引发心脏病的一个危险因素（factor: cause, excuse, reason）。 那么，在购买了一些十字形（cross）训练器（trainer）后，你应该做多少锻炼呢？根据利亚姆•唐纳森爵士的观点，一个星期五天，每天做至少三十分钟的适量（moderate: rational, reasonable）运动。去体育馆（gym）是解决办法（answer: solution）吗？幸运的是，对于那些觉得跑步机乏味（tedious: dull）的人来说，卫生发展（development: growth, improvement）部（department: part, section, sector）认为（believe: feel, reckon, think），适合（fit: suit）人们生活的身体运动可能更有效（effective: efficient）。他们建议（suggest: advice）爬楼梯（stair）而不是乘电梯（lift: elevator, escalator），建议走上扶梯（escalator: elevator, lift）、和孩子们玩活泼（active: positive）游戏（game: play）、跳舞或者做园艺（gardening）。根据运动（sports）心理学家（psychology）比德尔教授的观点，体育馆不是在使国家健康（fit: healthy），而是可能导致（cause: bring about, lead to, result in, set off）伤害（harm: damage, hurt）。 有新的科学（scientific）证据（evidence: proof）显示，做太多锻炼其实可能对你有害。阿尔斯特大学的科学家（scientist）已经发现，不寻常的（unaccustomed: unusual）锻炼会释放（release: give out, set free）危险的（dangerous: hazardous, risky, venturous）自由（free）激进分子（radical），这些激进分子可能对不健康者的正常（normal: common, formal）功能（function）产生不利（adversely: negatively）影响（affect: effect, impact, influence）。唯一应该使（push: force）自己的身体在合适的（regular: rational, reasonable, right）基础（basis: base, foundation）上达到那种锻炼度（level: degree）的人是受过训练（train: educate, exercise）的运动员（athlete: player）。 那么，我们应该忘记（forget）体育馆，并遵循（follow: obey）专家（expert: specialist）的建议（advice: suggestion）增加（increase: add, enhance, improve）我们日常（daily: everyday）生活中的锻炼吗？毕竟（after all），早点从公交车站（stop）下车（get off）然后走完剩余路程（rest: remain）不会造成任何伤害！最后一点。过去几代（generation）人缺乏（lack）体育馆设施（facilities: instrument），但却比现在的人们苗条（lean: slim）、健康，这是为何？ SIZE] [SIZE=3](详见北大辅导班教材) |
| Passage Four A metaphor is a poetic device that deals with comparison. It compares similar qualities of two dissimilar objects. With a simple metaphor, one object becomes the other. Love is a rose. Although this does not sound like a particularly rich image, a metaphor can communicate so much about a particular image that poets use them more than any other type of figurative language. The reason for this is that poets compose their poetry to express what they are experiencing emotionally at that moment. Consequently, what the poet imagines love to be may or may not be our perception of love. Therefore, the poet’s job is to enable us to experience it, to feel it the same way as the poet does. Let’s analyze this remarkably unsophisticated metaphor concerning love and the rose to see what it offers. Because the poet uses a comparison with a rose, first we must examine the characteristics of that flower. A rose is spectacular in its beauty, its petals (花圈) are nicely soft, and its smell is pleasing. It’s possible to say that a rose is actually a feast to the senses of sight, touch, and smell. The rose’s appearance seems to border on perfection, each petal seemingly symmetrical in form. Isn’t this the way one’s love should be? A loved one should be a delight to one’s senses and seem perfect. However, there is another dimension added to the comparison by using a rose. Roses have thorns. The poet wants to convey the idea that roses can be tricky. So can love, the metaphor tells us. When one reaches out with absolute trust to touch the object of his or her affection, ouch, a thorn can cause great harm! “Be careful,” the metaphor warns: Love is a feast to the senses, but it can overwhelm us, and it can also hurt us and cause acute suffering. This is the poet’s perception of love—an admonition (劝诫).What is the point? Just this: It took almost 14 sentences to clarify what a simple metaphor communicates in only four words. That is the artistry and the joy of the simple metaphor. 隐喻（metaphor）是进行比较（comparison）时的一种有诗意的（poetic: poetry, rich）手段（device: fashion, means, method, mode, way）。它比较（compare）两种不同（dissimilar: different, distinct, diverse）物体（object: material, thing）的相同（similar: like, same）特征（quality: nature, trait）。利用一个简单的（simple: easy, unsophisticated）隐喻，一个物体就成了另一个物体。爱（love）是玫瑰花。尽管这听起来（sound）不那么像是一个特别（particularly: certainly, extraordinarily）有寓意的（rich: poetic, poetry）概念（image: concept, idea, notion, opinion），但是，对于一个特别的（particular: certain, specific）概念，隐喻可以表达（communicate: convey, deliver, express）的意思非常丰富，以至于诗人（poet）用隐喻的频率比任何其他比喻性（figurative）语言都多。原因（reason: cause, excuse, factor）就是，诗人作（compose: make, write）诗（poetry: poem）是要表达（express: communicate, convey, deliver）他们在那一时刻（moment: period, phase, time）情感上（emotionally: mentally）的体验（experience: undergo）。因此（consequently: so, then, therefore, thus），诗人想象（imagine: conceive, dream, fancy）的“爱”可能或不可能是我们有关“爱”的概念（perception: concept, idea, notion, thought）。因此（therefore: consequently, so, then, thus），诗人的工作就是使（enable）我们感受“爱”，以诗人的方式（way: fashion, means, method, mode, technic）感受。 我们来分析（analyze）这个有关（concerning: related）爱和玫瑰花的简单（unsophisticated: easy, simple）隐喻，来了解一下它表达（offer: give, provide, supply）了什么意思。由于诗人运用了玫瑰花的比较，因此，我们首先必须确定（examine: check, confirm, investigate, survey）这种花的特征（characteristics: character, nature, quality, trait）。玫瑰花的美丽（beauty）引人注目（spectacular: marvelous, wonderful），其花瓣（petal）很柔软（soft: tender），其香味（smell）迷人（pleasing: appealing, attractive）。我们可以这么说，玫瑰花其实给人以视觉（sight）、触觉（touch）以及嗅觉（smell）的综合体验（feast: collection, gathering）。玫瑰花的外观（appearance: look）似乎接近于（border on: close to）完美（perfection），每个花瓣的形状（form: shape）似乎都对称（symmetrical: equal）。这难道不是一个人的爱应该具有的模式吗？一个被爱的（loved）人应该觉得自己的感官愉悦（delight: enjoyment, happiness, joy, pleasure），似乎是完美的（perfect）。不过，通过运用玫瑰花，给这个比较增加（add: enhance, increase, rise）了另一个方面（dimension: area, aspect, part）。玫瑰花有刺（thorn: stick, sting）。诗人希望（want: hope, wish）表达（convey: communicate, deliver, express）这样的意思（idea: concept, meaning, notion, thought）——玫瑰花可能棘手（tricky: troublesome）。这个隐喻告诉我们，爱也可能如此。如果一个人以绝对的（absolute）信任（trust: belief, credit, faith）伸手去（reach out）触摸（touch: feel）他或她所爱的东西（affection: love），哎哟，一根刺可能造成（cause: bring about, lead to, result in, set off）很大的（great: big, large）伤害（harm: damage, hurt）！“当心（be careful: take care），”这个隐喻警告（warn: alarm）说，爱是感官的综合体验，但它可能使我们不知所措（overwhelm），它也可能伤害（hurt: damage, harm, injure）我们，并造成极大的（acute: great, large）身心痛苦（suffering: bitterness）。这是诗人有关 “爱”的观念——是一种劝诫（admonition: alarm, warn）。要点（point: emphasis, importance, significance）是什么？要点就是，要花差不多十四句话才能澄清（clarify: make clear）一个简单的四个字隐喻所表达的意思。这就是这个简单隐喻的艺术性（artistry）和乐趣（joy: delight, enjoyment, happiness）。 SIZE] [SIZE=3](详见北大辅导班教材) |
| Passage Five Some 23 million additional U.S. residents are expected to become regular users of the U.S. health care system in the next several years, thanks to the passage of health care reform. Digitizing medical data has been promoted as one way to help the already burdened system manage the surge in patients. But putting people’s health information in databases and online is going to do more than simply reduce redundancies. It is already shifting the every way we seek and receive health care. “The social dynamics of care are changing,” says John Gomez, vice president of Eclipsys, a medical information technology company. Most patients might not yet be willing to share their latest CT scan images over Facebook, he notes, but many parents post their babies’ ultrasound images, and countless patients nowadays use social networking sites to share information about conditions, treatments and doctors. With greater access to individualized health information—whether that is through a formal electronic medical record, a self-created personal health record or a quick instant-messaging session with a physician—the traditional roles of doctors and patients are undergoing a rapid transition. “For as long as we’ve known, health care has been, I go to the physician, and they tell me what to do, and I do it,” says Nitu Kashyap, a physician and research fellow at the Yale Center For Medical Informatics. Soon more patients will be arriving at a hospital or doctor’s office having reviewed their own record, latest test results and recommended articles about their health concerns. And even more individuals will be able to skip that visit altogether, instead sending a text message or e-mail to their care provider or consulting a personal health record or smart-phone application to answer their questions. These changes will be strengthened by the nationwide shift to electronic medical records, which has already begun. Although the majority of U.S. hospitals and doctor’s offices are still struggle to start the changeover, many patients already have electronic medical records—and some even have partial access to them. The My Chart program, in use at Cleveland Clinic, the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas and other facilities, is a Web portal (门户) through which patients can see basic medical information as well as some test results. Medical data is getting a new digital life, and it is jump-starting a “fundamental change in how care is provided,” Gomez says. 由于医保（health care: medical care）改革（reform: change, revolution）法案的通过（passage），未来几年，大约二千三百万额外的（additional: extra）美国人（resident: citizen, inhabitant）有望（expect: hope）成为美国医保体系（system）的合法（regular: legal）使用者（user）。数字化（digitizing: digital, numeral）医疗（medical）信息（data: information, message）得到推广（promote: extend, spread），被当做一种帮助已不堪重负的（burdened）体系应对（manage: cope with, deal with, solve, settle）病患（patient: sick）激增（surge: jump）局面的方法。但是，把人们的医疗信息放到（put: lay, place）信息库（database）和网上将不只是简单的（simply）减少（reduce: cut, decrease）负担（redundancy: burden, load, shoulder）。这已经在改变（shift: change, transmit）我们寻求（seek: look for, search）并得到（receive: get, gain, obtain）医保的各种方法，。 “医保的社会（social: societal）力度（dynamics: force, power）在改变（change: shift, transmit），”约翰•戈麦斯说，他是医疗信息技术（technology: technique）公司（company: corporation, firm）“埃克里皮斯”公司的副（vice）总裁（president: director）。他指出（note: indicate, point out），大多数患者可能还不愿意（willing: ready）在Facebook网站上分享（share）其最新的CT扫描（scan）图（image: picture），但是，许多家长（parent）上传（post: deliver, send）了他们孩子的超声波（ultrasound）图，现在，无数（countless）患者使用社会联网（network: net, web）网站（site）分享有关病况（condition: situation）、治疗方法（treatment: cure）以及医生（doctor: physician）等方面的信息。 由于获得个人（individualize: personal. private）信息的途径（access: means, way）更多，无论是通过正规的（formal: normal）电子（electronic: electric）医疗病历（medical record），还是自己建立（create: build, establish, found, set）的个人（personal: individual, private）医保记录，或者是与医生（physician: doctor）的迅即信息（instant-messaging）交流（session: communication, meeting, talk），医生和患者的传统（traditional: conventional）角色（role: part）正在经历（undergo: experience）巨大的（rapid: big, huge, large）变革（transition: change, shift）。 “就我们所知，医保一直是这样，我去找医生，医生告诉我做什么，于是我就做了，”尼图•卡西亚伯说，他是耶鲁医疗信息中的医生和研究人员（researcher）。不久，在收到病历后——最新的检查（test: examination）结果（result: outcome）以及为其病症（concern: illness, problem, sickness）推荐的（recommended）药品（article: drug, medicine），更多患者会到医院（hospital），或去找医生。甚至更多人可能不进行这样的拜访（visit），而是发送（send: convey, deliver）文本（text）信息（message: data, information）或电子邮件（e-mail）给医生，或者参考（consult: refer）自己的医疗病历，或咨询智能电话应用系统（application）来解答他们的问题。 全国范围的电子医疗病历改革将强化（strengthen: enhance, improve, intensify）这种变革，电子医疗病历的改革已经开始。虽然大多数（majority: most）美国医院和医生的诊断室还在努力（struggle: fight, try）开始这种变革（changeover: change, shift, transition），但是，许多患者已经有了电子医疗病历，有些甚至有部分（part）权限（access）查看这些病历。达拉斯的德克萨斯大学西南医疗中心克利夫兰诊所（clinic）使用的“我的图表（chart: picture）”程序（program: device, plan, project, scheme）以及其它设施（facilities: instrument），是一个网络门户，患者可以通过这个门户查看基本的（basic: essential）医疗信息以及一些检查结果。 医疗信息正在成为一种全新的数字生活，戈麦斯说，它正在为如何提供（provide: give, offer, supply）医保开启（jump-starting: open, start）一场重要（fundamental: important, significant, vital）变革。 SIZE] [SIZE=3](详见北大辅导班教材) |
| 知道北大的辅导太晚了,估计这次没希望,考试一结束我就报名参加北大的辅导,下次一定通过! |
| 非常感谢. |
| 下次上北大辅导学习。 |
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