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 发表: 2011-05-21 10:18:08 人气:26924  
Passage Four
A metaphor is a poetic device that deals with comparison. It compares similar qualities of two dissimilar objects. With a simple metaphor, one object becomes the other. Love is a rose. Although this does not sound like a particularly rich image, a metaphor can communicate so much about a particular image that poets use them more than any other type of figurative language. The reason for this is that poets compose their poetry to express what they are experiencing emotionally at that moment. Consequently, what the poet imagines love to be may or may not be our perception of love. Therefore, the poet’s job is to enable us to experience it, to feel it the same way as the poet does.
Let’s analyze this remarkably unsophisticated metaphor concerning love and the rose to see what it offers. Because the poet uses a comparison with a rose, first we must examine the characteristics of that flower. A rose is spectacular in its beauty, its petals (花圈) are nicely soft, and its smell is pleasing. It’s possible to say that a rose is actually a feast to the senses of sight, touch, and smell. The rose’s appearance seems to border on perfection, each petal seemingly symmetrical in form. Isn’t this the way one’s love should be? A loved one should be a delight to one’s senses and seem perfect. However, there is another dimension added to the comparison by using a rose. Roses have thorns. The poet wants to convey the idea that roses can be tricky. So can love, the metaphor tells us. When one reaches out with absolute trust to touch the object of his or her affection, ouch, a thorn can cause great harm! “Be careful,” the metaphor warns: Love is a feast to the senses, but it can overwhelm us, and it can also hurt us and cause acute suffering. This is the poet’s perception of love—an admonition (劝诫).What is the point? Just this: It took almost 14 sentences to clarify what a simple metaphor communicates in only four words. That is the artistry and the joy of the simple metaphor.
隐喻（metaphor）是进行比较（comparison）时的一种有诗意的（poetic: poetry, rich）手段（device: fashion, means, method, mode, way）。它比较（compare）两种不同（dissimilar: different, distinct, diverse）物体（object: material, thing）的相同（similar: like, same）特征（quality: nature, trait）。利用一个简单的（simple: easy, unsophisticated）隐喻，一个物体就成了另一个物体。爱（love）是玫瑰花。尽管这听起来（sound）不那么像是一个特别（particularly: certainly, extraordinarily）有寓意的（rich: poetic, poetry）概念（image: concept, idea, notion, opinion），但是，对于一个特别的（particular: certain, specific）概念，隐喻可以表达（communicate: convey, deliver, express）的意思非常丰富，以至于诗人（poet）用隐喻的频率比任何其他比喻性（figurative）语言都多。原因（reason: cause, excuse, factor）就是，诗人作（compose: make, write）诗（poetry: poem）是要表达（express: communicate, convey, deliver）他们在那一时刻（moment: period, phase, time）情感上（emotionally: mentally）的体验（experience: undergo）。因此（consequently: so, then, therefore, thus），诗人想象（imagine: conceive, dream, fancy）的“爱”可能或不可能是我们有关“爱”的概念（perception: concept, idea, notion, thought）。因此（therefore: consequently, so, then, thus），诗人的工作就是使（enable）我们感受“爱”，以诗人的方式（way: fashion, means, method, mode, technic）感受。
我们来分析（analyze）这个有关（concerning: related）爱和玫瑰花的简单（unsophisticated: easy, simple）隐喻，来了解一下它表达（offer: give, provide, supply）了什么意思。由于诗人运用了玫瑰花的比较，因此，我们首先必须确定（examine: check, confirm, investigate, survey）这种花的特征（characteristics: character, nature, quality, trait）。玫瑰花的美丽（beauty）引人注目（spectacular: marvelous, wonderful），其花瓣（petal）很柔软（soft: tender），其香味（smell）迷人（pleasing: appealing, attractive）。我们可以这么说，玫瑰花其实给人以视觉（sight）、触觉（touch）以及嗅觉（smell）的综合体验（feast: collection, gathering）。玫瑰花的外观（appearance: look）似乎接近于（border on: close to）完美（perfection），每个花瓣的形状（form: shape）似乎都对称（symmetrical: equal）。这难道不是一个人的爱应该具有的模式吗？一个被爱的（loved）人应该觉得自己的感官愉悦（delight: enjoyment, happiness, joy, pleasure），似乎是完美的（perfect）。不过，通过运用玫瑰花，给这个比较增加（add: enhance, increase, rise）了另一个方面（dimension: area, aspect, part）。玫瑰花有刺（thorn: stick, sting）。诗人希望（want: hope, wish）表达（convey: communicate, deliver, express）这样的意思（idea: concept, meaning, notion, thought）——玫瑰花可能棘手（tricky: troublesome）。这个隐喻告诉我们，爱也可能如此。如果一个人以绝对的（absolute）信任（trust: belief, credit, faith）伸手去（reach out）触摸（touch: feel）他或她所爱的东西（affection: love），哎哟，一根刺可能造成（cause: bring about, lead to, result in, set off）很大的（great: big, large）伤害（harm: damage, hurt）！“当心（be careful: take care），”这个隐喻警告（warn: alarm）说，爱是感官的综合体验，但它可能使我们不知所措（overwhelm），它也可能伤害（hurt: damage, harm, injure）我们，并造成极大的（acute: great, large）身心痛苦（suffering: bitterness）。这是诗人有关 “爱”的观念——是一种劝诫（admonition: alarm, warn）。要点（point: emphasis, importance, significance）是什么？要点就是，要花差不多十四句话才能澄清（clarify: make clear）一个简单的四个字隐喻所表达的意思。这就是这个简单隐喻的艺术性（artistry）和乐趣（joy: delight, enjoyment, happiness）。
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