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 发表: 2011-05-21 10:13:24 人气:33350  
Passage Two
California has a new program called the Digital Textbook Initiative. “Starting this fall with high school math and science, we will be the first state in the nation to provide schools with a state-approved list of digital textbooks.” That was Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger in June, talking about his effort to get schools to use materials available free online. He listed reasons why he thinks digital textbooks make sense.
California approves traditional textbooks in six-year cycles. Digital one can offer the latest information. They lighten the load of school bags. They save paper and trees, and make learning more fun and interactive. And above all, he said, they help schools with their finances.
The state has had to make severe cuts in school spending because of deep financial problems. More than six million students attend California public schools.
Earlier this year, California invited content developers to offer digital math and science materials for high schools. These had to meet at least 90% of the state’s learning requirements. Specially trained teachers examined 16 textbooks and approved ten of them.
Six of the ten were published by the CK12 Foundation, a nonprofit group that had been developing digital science and math books for about two years. The foundation paid teachers and other education professionals to write and edit them. The money came from a group financed by the Khosla Family.
California cannot require schools to use the digital textbooks. Individual school districts will have to decide for themselves.
Susan Martimo, a California Department of Education official, says she does not expect widespread use right away. Her best guess is that some schools with a lot of technology will be the first to use them, but only in addition to their traditional books.
School administrators point out that the texts may be free online, but students need a way to access them. Not everyone has a computer or electronic reader. Schools could print out copies, but that would not help the environment. Also, there is the cost to train teachers to use digital textbooks effectively.
加利福利亚有一个名为（call: name）“数字（digital: numeral）教材（textbook: material）新方案（initiative）”的新计划（program: device, plan, project, scheme）。“今年秋季，从中学数学（math: mathematics）和科学（science）开始，我们将是美国为学校提供（provide: give, offer, supply）政府同意（state-approved）的数字教材的第一州（state）。”这是州长阿诺德•施瓦辛格在六月份谈到他努力（effort: endeavor, try）让学校使用可以从网上免费（free）获得（available: usable）的教材时讲的一番话。他列举（list）了为什么数字教材有意义的（make sense: count, matter）原因（reason: cause, excuse, factor）。
加利福利亚赞成（approve: agree, favor）在小学六年内使用传统（traditional: conventional）教材。数字教材可以提供（offer: give, provide, supply）最新的信息（information: data, message）。数字教材减轻（reduce: cut, decrease, lighten）了学校书包的负担（burden: load, shoulder）。数字教材拯救（save: rescue）了纸张和树木，使得学习更有趣（fun: funny, interesting），成为交互活动（interactive）。他说，最重要的是，数字教材用其资源（finance: resource, source）帮助了学校。
由于严重的（deep: serious, severe）财政（financial）问题，加利福利亚洲不得不大幅度（severe: huge, large）削减（cut: decrease, reduce）学校的费用（spending: cost, expenditure, expense）。六百多万学生上的是加利福利亚公立（public: common）学校。
今年早些时候，加利福利亚邀请（invite: request）乐意的（content: ready, wiling）开发商（developer）为中学提供数学和科学这两科的数字教材（material: textbook）。这些得满足（meet: fulfill, realize, satisfy）该州至少百分之九十的学习（learning: study）需求（requirement: demand, need, request）。受过特别（specially: extraordinarily, particularly）培训（train: educate, exercise, instruct）的教师审查（examine: check, investigate, survey）了十六种教材，对其中的十种表示认可。
百分之六十的教材由CK12基金会（foundation: fund, trust）出版（publish: print），该基金会是一个非赢利（nonprofit）机构（group: framework, institute, organization），已经开发（develop: grow）数学和科学数字教材大约两年的时间。该基金会给教师和其他教育（education: instruction, training）人士（professional: specialist）付（pay）薪水，要求他们编写、编辑（edit: write）教材。经费（money: cost, expense）来自于一个受“克斯拉家庭”资助（sponsor: support）的团体。
加利福利亚不能命令（require: demand, order）所有学校使用数字教材。私立（private）校区（district: area, part, region, section, sector, zone）将不得不自己决定（decide: determine）。
加利福利亚教育部门（department: sect, section, sector）的官员（official）苏珊•马蒂莫说，她不期望（expect: hope, wish）立马就广泛（widely: extensively）使用数字教材。她最理想的估计（guess: estimate, evaluation）是，具备许多技术（technology: technique）的学校将是第一批使用这种教材的学校，但只作为传统教材的辅助材料（addition: aid）。
学校管理者（administrator: governor, manager）指出（point out: indicate, state），教材可以是网上免费获得的，但学生需要一种方法获取（access: gain, get, obtain）这些材料。不是所有人都有电脑（computer）或电子（electronic: electric）读物（reader）。学校可以印刷（print: publish）教材（copy: material, textbook），但那样对环境（environment: circumstance, condition, setting, situation, surroundings）不利。此外，还需要经费（cost: expense, money）来培训教师有效的（effectively: efficiently）使用数字教材。
(详见北大辅导班教材) |
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